沼氣發(fā)電機組的核心發(fā)電方式為內燃機發(fā)電，該技術通過沼氣在發(fā)動機氣缸內的燃燒做功，直接驅動發(fā)電機產生電能。其工藝流程簡潔高效，已成為沼氣能源化利用的主流技術路徑。

　　The core power generation method of biogas generator set is internal combustion engine power generation. This technology directly drives the generator to generate electricity by burning biogas in the engine cylinder to do work. Its process is simple and efficient, and has become the mainstream technological path for the energy utilization of biogas.

　　一、內燃機發(fā)電系統(tǒng)構成

　　1、 Composition of internal combustion engine power generation system

　　沼氣供給模塊：

　　Biogas supply module:

　　沼氣經脫硫、脫水、除塵預處理后，通過穩(wěn)壓閥組維持壓力穩(wěn)定在5-10kPa，確保發(fā)動機進氣平穩(wěn)。

　　After desulfurization, dehydration, and dust removal pretreatment, biogas is maintained at a stable pressure of 5-10kPa through a pressure regulating valve group to ensure smooth engine intake.

　　燃氣計量裝置實時監(jiān)測流量，與發(fā)動機負載形成閉環(huán)控制，空燃比精準控制在1:10-1:12區(qū)間。

　　The gas metering device monitors the flow rate in real-time and forms a closed-loop control with the engine load, accurately controlling the air-fuel ratio in the range of 1:10-1:12.

　　四沖程發(fā)動機：

　　Four stroke engine:

　　進氣沖程：沼氣與空氣混合氣被吸入氣缸，電子節(jié)氣門開度由ECU根據負荷需求動態(tài)調節(jié)。

　　Intake stroke: The mixture of biogas and air is sucked into the cylinder, and the electronic throttle opening is dynamically adjusted by the ECU according to the load demand.

　　壓縮沖程：活塞上行壓縮混合氣，壓縮比達12:1，溫度升至400-500℃，為點火做準備。

　　Compression stroke: The piston moves upwards to compress the mixture, with a compression ratio of 12:1, and the temperature rises to 400-500 ℃, preparing for ignition.

　　做功沖程：火花塞在壓縮終點前15°曲軸轉角點火，燃燒速度達30m/s，推動活塞下行輸出機械功。

　　Power stroke: The spark plug ignites at a crankshaft angle of 15 ° before the end of compression, with a combustion speed of 30m/s, pushing the piston downwards to output mechanical work.

　　排氣沖程：廢氣溫度約600-700℃，經三元催化轉化器處理，氮氧化物排放低于200ppm。

　　Exhaust stroke: The exhaust gas temperature is about 600-700 ℃, and after being treated by a three-way catalytic converter, the nitrogen oxide emissions are less than 200ppm.

　　發(fā)電與并網單元：

　　Power generation and grid connected units:

　　永磁同步發(fā)電機將機械能轉為電能，輸出電壓400V/690V，頻率50Hz，波形畸變率低于3%。

　　The permanent magnet synchronous generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, with an output voltage of 400V/690V, a frequency of 50Hz, and a waveform distortion rate of less than 3%.

　　并網控制器通過鎖相環(huán)技術實現相位同步，沖擊電流控制在0.5倍額定電流以內，確保平穩(wěn)并網。

　　The grid connected controller achieves phase synchronization through phase-locked loop technology, and the impulse current is controlled within 0.5 times the rated current to ensure smooth grid connection.

　　二、內燃機發(fā)電技術優(yōu)勢

　　2、 Advantages of Internal Combustion Engine Power Generation Technology

　　高效能量轉化：

　　Efficient energy conversion:

　　沼氣熱值利用效率達38%，較燃氣輪機高12個百分點，單位體積沼氣發(fā)電量提升25%。

　　The utilization efficiency of biogas calorific value reaches 38%, which is 12 percentage points higher than that of gas turbines, and the power generation per unit volume of biogas is increased by 25%.

　　余熱回收系統(tǒng)捕獲缸套水及煙氣熱量，總能源利用率突破85%，相當于每立方米沼氣額外產出0.6kWh熱能。

　　The waste heat recovery system captures cylinder liner water and flue gas heat, with a total energy utilization rate exceeding 85%, equivalent to an additional output of 0.6 kWh of thermal energy per cubic meter of biogas.

　　原料適應性廣：

　　Wide adaptability of raw materials:

　　可處理甲烷含量20%-60%的沼氣，通過電控系統(tǒng)自動補償熱值波動，負荷突變響應時間小于0.2秒。

　　It can process biogas with a methane content of 20% -60%, and automatically compensate for fluctuations in calorific value through an electronic control system. The response time for sudden load changes is less than 0.2 seconds.

　　適應畜禽糞便、餐廚垃圾、工業(yè)有機廢水等12類原料產生的沼氣，年運行時間可達8000小時以上。

　　Suitable for producing biogas from 12 types of raw materials such as animal manure, kitchen waste, and industrial organic wastewater, with an annual operating time of over 8000 hours.

　　運維成本低廉：

　　Low operation and maintenance costs:

　　模塊化設計使核心部件更換時間縮短至4小時內，維護工時較燃氣輪機減少60%。

　　Modular design reduces the replacement time of core components to within 4 hours and reduces maintenance hours by 60% compared to gas turbines.

　　潤滑油消耗量僅0.15g/kWh，較柴油機降低70%，年維護成本控制在設備投資的3%以內。

　　The consumption of lubricating oil is only 0.15g/kWh, which is 70% lower than that of diesel engines, and the annual maintenance cost is controlled within 3% of equipment investment.

　　三、典型應用場景

　　3、 Typical application scenarios

　　農業(yè)領域：

　　In the field of agriculture:

　　萬頭規(guī)模化豬場沼氣工程，日產沼氣1.2萬立方米，通過內燃機發(fā)電24萬kWh，滿足全場用電需求的同時，余熱供應豬舍保溫。

　　The large-scale pig farm biogas project has a daily output of 12000 cubic meters of biogas and generates 240000 kWh of electricity through internal combustion engines, meeting the electricity demand of the entire farm while supplying waste heat to the pigsty insulation.

　　市政領域：

　　Municipal field:

　　城市污水處理廠采用熱電聯產模式，處理污泥產生的沼氣發(fā)電，年供電量達500萬kWh，減排二氧化碳1.2萬噸。

　　The urban sewage treatment plant adopts the cogeneration mode to generate electricity from the biogas produced by sludge treatment, with an annual power supply of 5 million kWh and a reduction of 12000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions.

　　工業(yè)領域：

　　Industrial sector:

　　釀酒廢水處理站沼氣發(fā)電項目，年替代標準煤2000噸，發(fā)電成本低于0.35元/kWh，較市電價格優(yōu)勢顯著。

　　The biogas power generation project of the brewing wastewater treatment station replaces 2000 tons of standard coal annually, with a power generation cost of less than 0.35 yuan/kWh, which has a significant advantage over the market electricity price.

　　內燃機發(fā)電方式以高效、可靠、經濟的特性，成為沼氣能源化利用的核心路徑。其技術成熟度與經濟性優(yōu)勢，使其在農業(yè)廢棄物處理、市政環(huán)保工程及工業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮關鍵作用，為構建循環(huán)經濟體系提供重要支撐。

　　The internal combustion engine power generation method has become the core path for the energy utilization of biogas due to its high efficiency, reliability, and economy. Its technological maturity and economic advantages enable it to play a key role in agricultural waste treatment, municipal environmental protection engineering, and industrial sustainable development, providing important support for building a circular economy system.

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